Application and preparation of ultra-pure water

With the advancement of science and technology, people's understanding of all kinds of things in nature is developing in the direction of microcosmization and essentialization. Many experiments and tests have reached the ppb level for the reagents or impurities in the culture environment. Some It even reaches ppt level; for example, in the life science research process, it is very sensitive to many pollutants in water, especially heavy metals and soluble organic matter; ultra-pure water required in HPLC, etc. In view of this, several professional research organizations have established water quality standards. These organizations and standards are: People's Republic of China National Standard GB6682-92 "Specifications and Experimental Methods for Analytical Laboratory Water", People's Republic of China National Standard GB / T11446.1-1997 "Electronic Grade Water Specifications and Experimental Methods" Organization (ACS), American Society for Testing and Materials Experiments (ASTM), International Committee of Clinical Trials Standards (NCCLS), American Pharmaceutical Association (USP). Here we first give a brief introduction to the main applications of pure water and ultrapure water:

1. Reverse osmosis pure water: ① Final cleaning of laboratory utensils ② Buffer and chemical reagent preparation water ③ Microbial culture medium preparation water ④ Hydrogen generator, indoor humidifier, high-pressure sterilizer pure water ⑤ Human or laboratory animal drinking water Wait;

2. Ultra-pure water: ① water for animal and plant fine cell culture ② water for various medical biochemical analyzers, analyzers, hemodialyzers ③ dilution water for analytical reagents and medicines ④ physiological, pathological, toxicological experiment water ⑤ hospitals, medicine Purified water and high-purity water for preparation room and central laboratory ⑥ Water for atomic absorption spectrometry ⑦ Test tube baby water ⑧ Various high-performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography water ⑨ Other various laboratory water and medical water.
At present, the most stable and convenient method for preparing pure water and ultra-pure water is through a pure water / ultra-pure water machine. From the advent of the world's first ultra-pure water system to the present, the design and production concept of the ultra-pure water system has been continuously improved around "the best water quality and the most stable water quality".


1. Best water quality
1. Common impurities in natural water include soluble inorganic matter, organic matter, particulate matter, microorganisms, and soluble gas. Pure water / ultra-pure water system is to remove these impurities as thoroughly as possible.

2. The main process of purifying water quality At present, the commonly used process methods of purifying water quality are distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, filtration, adsorption, ultraviolet oxidation, etc. At the same time, we can roughly divide the water purification process into 3 major steps, pre-treatment (production of pure water), ion exchange (can produce 18.2MΩ-cm ultra-pure water) and post-treatment (production of ultra-pure that meets special requirements) water). According to the quality of influent water and the requirements of effluent water quality, determine the method and process used in each step.

3. The pretreatment mainly includes a pretreatment unit and a reverse osmosis (RO) unit. Since the pretreated water will be further purified by reverse osmosis, it is necessary to remove impurities that affect the reverse osmosis membrane as much as possible; it mainly includes large particulate matter , Residual chlorine and calcium ion magnesium ion. The point to be explained here is that it is necessary to equip different treatment units according to the difference of influent water quality. Most manufacturers of pure water meters can not help customers solve this problem very well, which will lead to subsequent purification can not achieve the desired results and shorten the life of the main components of the instrument such as reverse osmosis membranes.

The HealForce ultrapure water system solves this problem well, and designs and produces wire wound filters, activated carbon adsorption filters, and softening resins to specifically remove large particulate matter, residual chlorine, and calcium ion magnesium in water. Ion to achieve the best pretreatment effect.

Reverse osmosis is the use of a high-pressure pump to provide a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure difference of the high-concentration solution. The water molecules will be forced to pass through the semi-permeable membrane to the low-concentration side. Reverse osmosis can filter 90% -99% of the inorganic ions in Most of the pollutants in the system are reverse osmosis because of its superior purification efficiency. Reverse osmosis is a very effective technology in water purification systems. Because reverse osmosis can remove most of the contaminants, it is often used as a front-end treatment method. Can significantly extend the use of deionization column. In view of the fact that reverse osmosis is very critical in the process of water purification and the replacement price of reverse osmosis membranes is relatively high, we recommend that users must choose ultra-pure water systems that have protection functions for reverse osmosis membranes.

In order to extend the life of the reverse osmosis membrane as much as possible and improve the filtration efficiency of the reverse osmosis membrane, the HealForce ultrapure water system uses advanced unique technology, combined with the leading reverse osmosis flow limitation design, and a limited flow valve at the water outlet , So that the reverse osmosis membrane is always immersed in water, so as not to affect the life due to drying. Extending the life of the reverse osmosis membrane is to ensure the quality of the effluent, while also improving the cost-effectiveness of the ultra-pure water system.

4. Ion exchange Ion exchange is the exchange of positive ions in water with H + ions in ion exchange resins, and the exchange of negative ions in water with OH- ions on ion exchange resins to achieve the purpose of purifying water. Removal of ions by ion exchange can theoretically remove almost all ionic substances. At 25 ° C, the resistivity of the effluent reaches 18.2MΩ-cm. The quality of the water produced by ion exchange depends mainly on the quality of the ion exchange resin and the exchange efficiency of the water and resin in the exchange column.
The ion-exchange resins on the market are mixed, and the quality is uneven, and it is difficult for users to distinguish. Therefore, we recommend that users must pay attention to the brand of resin. The HealForce ultrapure water system uses the world's highest quality ion exchange resin, combined with Heal Force's unique internal pressure structure design of the exchange column, to ensure that the resin is in full contact with the water, significantly improving the exchange efficiency of the ion exchange column processing capacity Play to the limit.

It should be noted here that the ion exchange method can effectively remove ions, but it cannot effectively remove most of the organic matter or microorganisms, and the microorganisms can be attached to the resin, and the resin is used as a culture medium, so that the microorganisms can quickly grow and generate heat. Therefore, it needs to be designed and used in conjunction with other purification methods, which is the post-processing part we will discuss below.

5. Post-treatment Mainly produce ultra-pure water with low organic matter type and low heat source type according to the special requirements of customers. There are a variety of treatment methods for different requirements, such as ultrafiltration and filtration to remove heat sources, dual-wavelength ultraviolet oxidation to reduce total organic carbon (TOC) in water, and microfiltration to remove bacteria.
Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is a molecular sieve. Based on the size, it allows the solution to pass through a very fine filter membrane to achieve the purpose of separating molecules of different sizes in the solution, which can reduce the heat source content in ultrapure water to 0.001EU / ml or less. The dual-wavelength ultraviolet oxidation method can use light to oxidize organic compounds to reduce the total organic carbon concentration in ultrapure water to below 5 ppb.

Second, the most stable water quality The ultra-pure water system can produce high-quality ultra-pure water is only the first step. For users to use, it is the user's most concern to be able to maintain high-quality water quality for as long as possible. At present, most manufacturers of ultra-pure water systems emphasize that customers should pay attention to the details of use and often change accessories and consumables, but their own improvements are not much.

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