The attraction between ink and substrate

The adhesion between the ink and the substrate mainly includes the chemical bond force (ie the force between the atoms), the intermolecular force (hydrogen bonding force and Van der Waals force), the interface electrostatic attraction and the mechanical force.

Chemical bond force

Chemical bonding forces are the forces between atoms, including ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.

1 ionic bond force: The interaction force between positive and negative ions.

2 covalent bond force: that is the interaction between two atoms through the common electron pair (overlapping of two atom electron clouds). Most of the molecules of organic compounds are composed of covalent bonds. The covalent bond is a relatively strong chemical bond.

3 Metal Bond Force: The attraction between metal cations due to the free movement of electrons. Metal atoms are connected by metal bonds into metal crystals.