Application of Printing Technology in Publication Identification

With the deepening of the marketization of the publishing industry and the improvement of the level of judicial administration of publishing management, some of the direct and simple identification methods often used in the identification of illegal publications are being eliminated by the new industry environment. Technical normative. As far as book identification is concerned, full use is made of printing techniques and training on a pair of “printing eyes”, and the appraisal work is like a weapon that “candid itself”.

In the identification of illegal publications, sample comparisons are the most commonly used methods of identification. The appraisers obtain genuine samples from the regular publication channels, and compare the identification samples with the official publication samples for the same and homologous comparisons to see if the two printed contents are the same and if the printing plate production is homologous. If the identification samples and official publications are Obvious differences can be entered into the next identification process with "suspected illegal". So, what kind of printing technology does the sample ratio correspond to? How to identify "non-identical" when the printing effect is roughly the same? If the comparison result is "homologous printing", can the sample be determined legal? In this appraisal process, understanding the printing technology and being familiar with the development of the printing industry play a key role in certain appraisals.

"First Eye": Application of Printing Anti-counterfeiting Technology

Printing anti-counterfeiting technologies generally include anti-counterfeit designs and anti-counterfeit printing.

Anti-counterfeit design is a security measure based on the book content design process. For example, in order to prevent a copy of its popular book from being pirated, a publisher intentionally designs the letter I as a hollow font in the “CIP” 3 letters of its copyright page. It is difficult for ordinary people to notice if pirates are not using photocopying. Scanning for piracy cannot do it. This is similar to engraving and computer design, and it is easy to use. This kind of anti-counterfeiting method is like the publishing unit has compiled a “counterfeiting identification code” for its own books, and together with other evidence factors, it is easy to identify the authenticity of the books.

From the perspective of printing technology, security measures include: anti-counterfeiting of special printing materials, anti-counterfeiting of plate making and printing processes, laser holographic anti-counterfeiting, and FID anti-counterfeiting. Many cases have taken various measures and used methods to prevent forgery. FID technology anti-counterfeiting is a functional anti-counterfeiting matching with the industrial development in the Internet environment. It has been popularized in Europe and the United States, but only a few books in China have been used tentatively. With the popularity of this technology, our identification of illegal publications will become easier and faster. At present, the most typical anti-counterfeit printing technology is a security label printed using laser laser technology.

Laser laser anti-counterfeiting labels are complex and difficult to make, and only a few manufacturers can produce them. It is difficult for pirates to copy at a low cost. The laser laser anti-counterfeiting label uses the principle of holography, and uses the laser light source to simultaneously capture the amplitude and phase information of the light wave of the scene. Subtle air flow can lead to changes in the holographic image, and it is impossible to have two holograms like a fingerprint. Membrane pressure, blanching and other processes are used to make the three-dimensional security icons with rainbow colors. There are a number of books that use laser anti-counterfeiting labels in their identification.

[Case] ​​In the process of investigating a case involving suspected pirated books, the Public Security Bureau of a certain area arrested and sealed the suspected illegal publications, and sent them to three types of samples to appoint an appraisal agency for identification. After accepting the entrustment, the appraisers were contacted by the sample publishers and confirmed that the company had indeed published the name publication and obtained a formal publication sample. The identification sample and the official publication were compared for the sameness, and the content was basically the same, except that there was a significant difference in the anti-counterfeiting label of the laser-laminated film on the cover.

Technically speaking, general photographic techniques only record changes in light and shade, and laser holograms can also record spatial changes in objects, and therefore are three-dimensional.

The genuine sample cover is affixed with a round security mark. The logo is a three-dimensional effect pattern marked with a letter BS. The visible light column is shaken up and down to be ejected from the background of the logo, shakes left and right, the column of light oscillates in a fan shape, the background is a blue starry sky, and the stars are distributed with a sense of depth. However, the round anti-counterfeit logo pattern of the identification sample has only one round of bright spots and no stereoscopic effect. There is no stereoscopic light column or two light-emitting fans, and there is no stereo sky in the background. The results of the appraisal showed that the three identification samples were illegal pirated publications.

"Second Eye": Determination of Different Patterns

The piracy of books is usually done in the following three ways:

Theft of genuine data is directly used for plate-making and printing, and the pirated content is exactly the same as genuine. In this case, if there is no evidence of data theft, the printing results alone cannot be determined by prior art techniques.

OCR recognition scanning or re-entry, using this method to print layout content to be completely consistent with the genuine content is almost impossible, the cost of piracy to use manpower will be high, even so, in the font, font size and non-text part of the processing Showing horse feet.

Photographic platemaking or scanning platemaking directly photographs or scans genuine book pages. The content of the pirated books in this way is exactly the same as that of genuine book pages, but due to the secondary copying of missing pixels, the printed fonts and the edges of the images appear to be relatively blurred or Rough phenomenon. This phenomenon can be observed with the naked eye in some cases; even if a pirate uses a higher specification scanner and photographic equipment, the verifier can observe it with a 15x magnifying glass.

According to experts from the printing industry, using a scanner with less than 10,000 yuan can duplicate proofs that are not easily distinguishable by the naked eye. With the improvement of scanning technology, the possibility of using a high-quality scanner to achieve a false degree of accuracy is increasing, but the cost of piracy is limited. This situation has not yet been discovered.

[Case] ​​In August 2011, the "2.18" piracy of "The History of the Chinese Communist Party (Volume 2)" sentenced 14 defendants to be sentenced and several public officials were guilty of malfeasance for criminal responsibility or punishment. The social impact of the case is large and requires rapid and accurate identification. At that time, the requirements for appraisal of the case were: “Request to identify the source of printed text and image proofs and the printing method used.” Undoubtedly, the police hope to delineate the scope of suspects through the identification of printed means.

The characteristics of the case identification: First, the identification object is printed proofs, has not been bound into a book, can only be determined through the details of the content or printing process, can not be determined through the binding characteristics; Second, the identification of the sample printing page content and formally published The layout of the material is exactly the same, so it can only be identified through plate making and printing processes. In order to improve the authority of the appraisal, the appraisal agency immediately invited 3 domestic printing experts to conduct “consultation” on the plate making and printing of appraisal objects. The result of “consultation” is that the size of the sample proofs, the text typesetting layout and the original book are the same, and the text has no misalignment and identification errors, so the OCR identification scan can be excluded.

Genuine book text edges are smooth, ink strokes are uniform, and brush strokes are delicate. Compared to the printed proofs, the edges of the proofs are rough, the strokes are serrated, the pens are uneven in thickness, and there are more dirty spots in the printed version. Genuine book color illustration character facial skin particles fine, small particle size, image level details show good performance. Comparing the color of the corresponding image in the color proof is rough, the clothing image has large granularity, and the level of detail loss is more. From the technical point of view, it can be judged that the object of identification is “a copy of a manuscript scanned and obtained”.