The data center is the supporting foundation of the school's informatization construction. As a developing carrier, from the beginning of informatization to today, its outline gradually changes into a resource based on space allocation, physical architecture, data bearing, and service provision. group. The data center is no longer a purely operating computer room resource set or data providing center. It is closely related to the current cloud computing technology and has become a test field for the implementation of cloud computing technology.
Development course of university data center
The construction of data centers in Chinese universities began in the early 1980s, and the reform and opening up introduced the first batch of foreign computer equipment for supporting construction. Due to the high cost of computers at the time, up to hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the original equipment was extremely delicate, the requirements for the environment such as power, temperature and humidity were extremely high. Therefore, the earliest universities that introduced such computers basically built equipment operation rooms in accordance with the standards of foreign computer rooms, becoming the earliest data center prototype of universities in China. These data centers have implemented professional computer room design, professional anti-static floor, UPS uninterruptible power supply, computer room precision air conditioning, etc. In terms of staffing, there are professional machine management personnel, computer room management personnel and system management personnel. Strictly refer to the standard staffing of the foreign data center at that time. At the same time, various schools have set up computing centers and other teaching auxiliary departments around the management of imported equipment.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the emergence of the Internet and the theory of digital earth, network technology became popular in colleges and universities, and greatly promoted the popularization of computers and related applications. Some companies that adapt to the development of the network, such as Sun, Oracle, Microsoft and other software and hardware companies, have gradually grown, and their applications and equipment have become popular in colleges and universities. The information construction of colleges and universities has also entered a brand-new stage with the east wind of the network-the stage of network and network application construction. Due to the outstanding price-performance ratio of Unix servers relative to mainframes, their low demand for the environment, coupled with the rapid expansion of network facilities, resulted in a serious shortage of computer room in colleges and universities. Large-scale network construction requires a large amount of capital investment, forcing colleges and universities to reduce the quality standards in the construction of new data center computer rooms, resulting in generally low quality, low performance, and low service capacity in the construction of data center computer rooms at this stage.
Around 2000, with the improvement of China's national economic conditions, especially the investment in the "211" and "985" special construction funds, college informatization has entered a period of great development. The IT system is developing rapidly, and the performance and price ratio of the IA architecture server represented by Intel surpasses the Unix server. Centralized data storage is beginning to be valued by colleges and universities, and data centers in colleges and universities are beginning to focus on data storage security and data access efficiency. Virtualization technology began to enter the data center of colleges and universities, and many colleges and universities began to use server virtualization technology to ease the pressure of increasing demand for a large number of servers.
The rise of cloud computing technology has set off a wave of new-generation data center reforms. There is no single point of failure, multi-level facility environment, and high security risks. Centralized heat load and automated services have become the challenges that new-generation data centers have to address directly.
Several key technologies of the next generation data center
China's college data centers have experienced a long history of nearly 30 years. With the emergence of new technologies and new applications, they have developed rapidly and gradually matured.
With the rapid development of high-density blade computing technology, virtualization technology, centralized data storage technology, demanding application security technology, and cloud computing technology, university data centers have become increasingly difficult to carry the current comprehensive needs of various types of business. High-density computing blades have strong demand for electricity, high point heat load, and special requirements for cooling and power supply. Virtualization technology facilitates the allocation needs of equipment for operation and maintenance personnel, improves the utilization rate of equipment, and increases the service level, which brings more complicated hierarchical relationships in management, making management problems more and more data center equipment and application maintenance Bottleneck. The centralized data storage technology improves the utilization rate and storage efficiency of storage resources, and also brings the risks unique to the centralized technology. All core applications advance and retreat together, causing great pressure on maintenance personnel. Application security has received more and more attention from all walks of life. The requirement and implementation of requirements such as grade protection in universities have raised the awareness of information security in colleges and universities, but it has also brought new challenges to the management of information security.
According to the current general understanding of IT development, the factors that affect the development of the next-generation data center can be summarized as the following six points:
IT system based on service design. That is, the IT operating framework designed based on the principles of more complete, smarter and more efficient, including the known blade system, network system, storage system, these systems are integrated together, using a standardized, modular and scalable platform Build and implement a service concept that is convenient for users under a unified platform system. For example, some manufacturers have provided a unified blade computing platform, including computing blades (CPU memory resources), storage blades (disk resources), network blades (Ethernet and FC network resources), and management blades (providing a comprehensive management tool) , Basically realized a single platform, unified display, centralized management, standard services.
Green calculations. As the name suggests, green computing is to reduce energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection, and is also the direction of IT development that has been widely recognized in the industry in recent years. Energy saving and environmental protection not only need to consider the energy efficiency ratio of the IT system, but also should consider the surrounding environment (location, orientation, etc.) of the data center computer room, the overall structure design, power supply system selection, refrigeration system deployment and other factors. Power and cooling are under tremendous pressure during the implementation of high-speed information deployment. Data center managers often only see the energy consumption of IT systems, but do not understand the energy consumption of IT systems in general data centers. Half of it, the other small part is consumed in UPS and refrigeration system. At present, the energy efficiency ratio of most data centers only reaches 1.5, and only specially designed data centers can reach 1.2 or even lower. For example, the energy efficiency ratio of the newly designed data center of Google has reached 1.15. A well-designed data center can save a lot of energy, provide higher computing power, support a larger computing system, and achieve high reliability and high availability.
Unified management. Management is the initially considered but most overlooked link. A large and complex data center covers all aspects of IT operations. Especially in the prevalence of virtualization today, the management of applications and systems is a combination of binary trees, and managers have been unable to fully Clear information about the operation of the managed data center. How to understand the transshipment of all systems, applications and even facilities in the data center has become an unavoidable problem in the management and use of the data center, and it is also the only way to improve the transparent management of the data center. Therefore, the establishment of a data center management system with a unified management idea and standard management interface is an indispensable factor for the development of the next generation data center.
Active safety. Informatization is a double-edged sword, which not only provides rich, convenient and massive information, but also provides a convenient and possible door to peeping. Informatization and security complement each other. The starting point determines its purpose. Informatization pays more attention to freedom and flexibility. Security requires closed and rigid rules. Conventional safety is to formulate policies and specifications according to possible factors, and it has a good effect within a certain period. However, the knowledge of the information society is rapidly updated, new security risks are quickly formed, and new security policies and rules are needed to adapt to changes on demand. Often, data center security incidents have already occurred, resulting in passive reaction of managers. A security strategy based on active discovery is born, using unified management tools, formulating appropriate risk strategies, proactively detecting and discovering, and formulating linkage rules in multiple environments according to actual conditions, forming a simple intelligent analysis database. When a risk arises, this mechanism will ensure that the system discovers problems in a timely manner, and informs the person in charge as soon as possible, and even automatically implements necessary precautions based on knowledge base information.
IT virtualization. Virtualization has become a key factor for the future development of data centers. It is meaningless to talk about next-generation data centers without virtualization. This has been recognized by most data center managers. With the rise of server and desktop virtualization applications in recent years, more and more data center managers have taken advantage of virtualization. Using virtualization technology, data center managers will no longer be entangled in the frequent purchase of equipment due to uncertain business needs, nor worry about how to ensure application security, because server virtualization can provide massive server resources, with the use of Configuration; desktop virtualization can provide a unified and controllable application running scenario. In addition, in the field of storage virtualization, there are some virtualization technologies that do not depend on a vendor's transparent and distributed storage resources; in the field of tape libraries, virtual tape library management has also appeared; in the field of security, firewalls, etc. Devices have long had the concept and application of device virtualization. In short, virtualization has penetrated into every link of the data center. Without virtualization, the next-generation data center will be impossible to talk about.
Automated deployment. The next-generation data center will be a complex and huge system cluster, especially the application of virtualization technology. The number of server management will increase dramatically, which not only increases the management burden of data center management personnel, but also prolongs the time required to search for faults. With the promotion of cloud computing technology, the concept of cloud services has been introduced into the construction of data centers. Data centers based on user services require a set of efficient data center automation deployment and management architecture systems that can allocate resources and permissions on demand, even on demand. Business, achieve automated configuration and services, simplify processes, reduce staff requirements, lower overall costs, and improve user experience.
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