Talking about Improving the Publishing and Printing Quality of Books and Periodicals (II)

Fourth, typesetting

When the input of books and documents is completed, they enter the typesetting (some units are combined with the typesetting, that is, self-recorded and self-arranged). The typesetting is mainly for the requirements of the books and magazines, and the corresponding layouts are eliminated, ie, font, font size, format, title, and The font size, typesetting format, etc. of the chart are discharged according to the user's request. In typesetting, in addition to doing its own job (such as typesetting format, layout requirements, layout aesthetics, etc.), it should also be familiar with the issues that should be noted in the layout of general books and periodicals. The layout rules that should be noticed in the general layout of books and periodicals are: 1 Title: Mainly to prevent back problems. Generally speaking, titles above level 3 (including level 3) must have text accompanying the same level, and titles below level 4 can be There is no text to follow. If there is only one line at the end of the headline, there is a shredding method (ie, adjust the size of the chart above the headline, the size of the punctuation mark in the text, the formula line spacing, etc., and make it smaller. At least one line of text follows the title.) Stretching method (that is, in the scalable areas of charts, formulas, etc., the size of the extension process, the title will be overwhelmed by the next code). Leave blank at the end of the page (that is, if the above two methods cannot be solved, add a code to the title and leave the code blank). In general, books and periodicals should not be arbitrarily changed the line spacing of the text, and the end of the title page should also be used as little or as little as possible, so as to make a book perfect, no groundless blank. In addition, headings with more than two rows must be changed at a changeable place. Usually, if there is no special requirement, they must switch to a complete phrase. 2 pictures: You should arrange the illustrations after seeing the text to prevent cross-page illustrations. When arranging cross-graphics, it should be noted that the interval between the figure and the text should be between 5 and 10 mm. If the graph is on the left side of the text and the first line after the end of the string text is only 1 or 2 words, it should be aligned with the string text path and cannot be flush. If a longer formula is used at the serial text, it should be avoided as far as possible so that the formula can be arranged as a banner. When it is difficult to avoid, the formula should be changed to a reasonable one. Prevents the loss of content due to long formulas when there are cross-charts. This is an error that may occur when the computer typesetting. If there is a text on the upper or lower part of the serial text, its text should be larger than two lines. 3 Mathematical formulae: In the scientific and technical edition, we often encounter some mathematical formulas (or physics, chemical formulas, reaction formulas, structural formulas, etc.). The general typesetting format is centered typesetting, the former empty 4 typesetting of Chinese characters, equation equal sign (or response No.) Alignment and Other methods of typesetting. However, when a longer equation is required to change, you should try to go back to the signs such as =, >, <, ≤, ≥, ≌, ",", ∽, and so on. Align the above symbols after returning. If there is no symbol like the above, you can go back to the +, -, ×, apostrophe, etc. symbols, and after the addition, indent 1 character more than the indentation. After the symbol, you cannot return to any of the characters. ∫, ∫∫∫, ∑, lim, sin, etc. cannot be separated from the objects that are operated on later. If the formula is longer after returning, you can typeset in the middle. For the middle of the formula, the middle number of the formula should be aligned with the main parting line. For example, if more than 6 Chinese characters should be included in a single line, the brackets and symbols (such as |, /, etc.) should be equal to the stacking formula in the formula. The dashes of the symbol description should be aligned, the formulas do not cross row, and so on.

If mistakes in the manuscript are found in typesetting, they can also be corrected (but they must be specified so that the other party can verify it, and major corrections should be made to the customer for mutual agreement). I remember that there was a previous article in the newspaper saying that there was a famous scientist who had to print an article. When the manuscript was sent to the printing house for printing, one of the masters found that one of the formulas was wrong. So he informed the author and asked him to make corrections. However, because the author was very busy at that time and had always believed that his own article was free from mistakes, he said that the manuscript was correct. Please print it. However, the master insisted on asking him to verify it again, otherwise he refused to print it. In desperation, the scientist then checked his manuscript again and found that he had neglected himself and missed one of the formulas. Important symbols, so special thanks to the master. In addition, due to the manuscript's last few modifications, it was done by the typesetting staff. Therefore, in addition to being able to correct mistakes by typeetters themselves (sometimes due to mistakes of typesetting personnel, things that were originally correct will be mistaken, but the wrong place has not changed; sometimes the layout will be changed due to computer typesetting), so when Each time after the revised sample, it should be carefully checked whether there is any mistake or change, and whether the layout has any abnormal changes should be carefully checked. In addition, for the drawings and tables of the manuscript, in order to achieve the aesthetics and correctness of the typography, it is sometimes difficult to record according to the original manuscript. At this time, the typographer may ask the customer to provide the picture without affecting the content. The table is slightly typeset after processing. If the direction of the row and column of the table is reversed, the position of the picture is slightly changed, zoomed, and so on, which can receive good results. I have dealt with these issues for clients many times in the typesetting work for many years, which has made some complicated and complicated headaches simple, and eliminated all or most of the blanks in books and periodicals. The typography is reasonable and beautiful and has been praised by customers.

Fifth, printing

The printing quality includes uniform ink before and after the entire book and moderate blackness; black and white or color pictures need to be clearly structured, with clear dots, accurate angles, no ghosting, clear outlines, and moderate contrast. At this time, the quality of books and magazines can only be checked from a wide range, to prevent some mistakes, such as whether there are mistakes in the imposition, errors in the output of the film, and the effects of the production. As for content, it is difficult to find problems. Of course, printers should first of all have a good grasp of the quality of their printing, to ensure that the color of the printed product is clear, bright, clean surface, no ink, stains, and the book's uniform color, moderate blackness, the strokes of the font handsome, picture Bright, vivid colors and more. Therefore, in the printing, the printing personnel should have a high sense of responsibility. When starting the printing, the operator should look hard (see the machine running condition, see the sample ink color, registering and the quality of the outlets), and listen hard (listen to the sound of the machine , Listen to the machine shake sensitive area with or without noise), Qin touch (touch the machine easy to warm parts have significant temperature changes), Qin Wen (smell the electric scorch and other abnormal smell), Qin inspection (check The situation of the printed sheet and the abnormal condition of the machine, found the problem, and eliminated it in time). In addition, safety awareness should be improved from time to time to eliminate unsafe hidden dangers and ensure safe production.

Sixth, binding

When the entire book is printed, it can be stapled. Today, binding is generally divided into saddle stitching, flat stitching, sewing thread binding, and wireless glue binding, and it is generally determined by the thickness and quality requirements of the books and periodicals. In binding, quality should be ensured in the following aspects: the appearance should be smooth and clean; the incision should be vertical, not skewed, and not cut; the spine should be square, not wrinkled, the spine should be centered; the folding should be accurate, The page number should be neat; there is no phenomenon such as heavy posts, missed posts, reversed posts, locked posts, and disassembled corners. Therefore, in bookbinding, great attention must be paid to the folding of books and magazines. The location must be accurate. The book must be firm. Do not make an unqualified book appear defective or wasted in the final process. Rejection. Secondly, cutting is not straightforward, and books and magazines sold on the market today have problems due to binding, cutting, etc., which make the contents of the book deviate from the cuts or order lines, and even some contents are cut off. Some of them folded the pages and were cut off. These problems in bookbinding not only make readers, students, and teachers have great opinions on this matter, but they are also one of the biggest headaches for publishers and printing companies, and the economic losses and reputation losses caused each year are not counted down. In particular, in recent years, wireless glue-binding technology has been introduced and widely used. Its technology and materials are still not perfect, and it is still a big obstacle to improving the quality of binding. As for the other books and magazines that need to be used in all other processes, such as the use of mouthwash, laminating, gluing, etc., they should also be strictly treated to ensure quality.

To sum up, I believe that to ensure the quality of books, newspapers and newspapers, we need to cooperate with all parties and work together. In general, authors and editors should focus on the links between good content and typos, words, words, and sentences, and reject the entry of unhealthy and poorly litter manuscripts. However, printing houses should make great efforts to ensure the quality, responsibility, and sense of responsibility of the workers in various processes in the areas of entry, typesetting, printing, and binding. In ensuring the error rate, layout, fine print, and beautiful framedness of the article record, the printing unit has an unshirkable responsibility and strives to present the fine and elegant books and magazines to the readers. Therefore, for the printing unit, it is necessary to carry out the necessary training for the staff with low technical quality, establish a corresponding post responsibility system, implement the survival of the fittest and a strict reward and punishment system, and promote the staff of the post to study hard and develop their own technology. Level to ensure the quality of books and prints.

Source "Printing World"