According to foreign media reports, in a white room in the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, future dinners will be on the table. The beef on the table is cultivated using test tube technology, and these beef fibers are delicately spliced ​​into a word "meat"; some "vegetable meat" is a pre-dinner snack. Sushi made by using genetic technology to cultivate raw materials, and red wine that can be programmed arbitrarily: it contains microwave pulses, you can set your own preferences, from Montepulciano to Sui Lexian, a variety of cuisines, different foot.
Scientists say eating genetically modified food will be inevitable in the future
But these are just illusions at this stage. This is a scene that appeared at a future food exhibition held at the Eindhoven University of Technology recently, but these foods are made of plasticine and other substitutes. However, one thing is the key point is that all the exhibits displayed here are not completely fantasies. As the school's assistant professor Koert van Mensvoort (Koert van Mensvoort) said, they are "almost possible." Manswood also participated in the production of the nextnature.net website, which focuses on future technological developments. He brought together his undergraduate students studying industrial design, and invited biotech engineers, market experts, and ethicists to ask them to list which future foods are actually close to us now.
Dilemma
The fact is that artificial steaks may still have a long way to go, but the hamburger seems to be closer. Professor Mark Post, a Dutch authority on test tube meat research, promised to launch the first artificial hamburger by the end of 2012, which will use 10 billion laboratory-grown muscle cells. At present, Post and other Dutch researchers are trying to overcome a technical difficulty, that is, how to transform these soft "test tube meat" into some kind of beef products with their own structure and traditional traditional beef taste. To solve this problem, they may have to use an electric shock method.
The exploration of this problem is of great significance for solving human food problems in the future. The essence of this question is not what we can do, but what we can accept. Some scientists warn that trying to copy meat products consumed by humans will be in vain-this is another blind nostalgia for the ignorance and short-sightedness of traditional food. As the Dutch scholar, former food innovation research project director, and UN consultant Louise Fresco put it: "Say 'natural is the best' and reject globalization and return to food in the past" In the real and reliable era, this idea is too simple. "
Manswood said: "This is something that is definitely going to be done, try and copy what you know. This is not a question of how you innovate. We started with a trolley, but in the end we made a small Cars. The word 'natural' is the biggest marketing scam and one of the most successful. "
The biggest challenge in creating these future high-tech foods is actually not a technical problem at all, but the attitude of consumers around the world, as food scientists around the world have said, that is, consumers Kind of "rejection". This negative feedback from consumers will certainly affect the attitude of food companies, making them more cautious in this regard, and these companies are precisely the main sponsors of relevant research work. In the United States, these food companies are quiet about their R & D activities in developing these food technologies.
Inevitable choice
However, these studies will be necessary for a very simple reason. There will be 9 billion people in the world by then. These people will not be able to rely on the traditional production methods nowadays, especially for meat. Our The planet simply cannot withstand such production intensity. This problem is particularly prominent in the Netherlands, because the Dutch have the highest pork consumption among European countries, but even so, the Dutch food companies have not publicly provided Manswood or any other similar artificial meat research projects. Funded. Therefore, all of the current research funding comes from the Dutch government.
Manswood expressed contempt for the food company ’s cowardice, especially during this critical period, he said: "If they see a name like 'artificial sushi', they will say: 'Don't treat us Next to it! 'They are afraid! "During a scientific conference on food and nanotechnology, a senior official from one of the largest food companies in Europe once asked reporters not to disclose his presence at the conference News.
All of this is a disaster caused by Monsanto. Francis said: "They develop herbicides, and then the US government allows it to publicly sell this product, which is really a historical mistake." Francis hopes that in the future, with 9 billion people in the world, not only rich People, the poor can also be full. Monsanto is a Frankenstein doctor of our time, and the public is very sick of the company ’s mischief in the United States and India and elsewhere. The more serious consequence that followed was that the public lost its trust in biotechnology. This attitude not only closed the floodgates of the rich world for new foods, but also had a negative impact on the world ’s efforts to fight hunger. There are still hundreds of millions of people in Africa who cannot get a stable food supply, and the use of genetically modified technology can increase rice production by more than 40%.
Franck said: "African scientists asked us 'Are you afraid that we will learn this technology?'" She admitted that there is indeed a risk here, but she believes that stricter monitoring rather than prohibition will achieve better results. Although Dutch scientists are very careful to avoid the use of the word "genetically modified", everyone agrees tacitly that this era is quietly coming, and Europe needs these technologies, otherwise it will be abandoned by the era.
The public will eventually accept genetically modified food
So out of ethical considerations, will people eventually accept this new form of food? Cor van der Weele (Cor van der Weele) is a professor of philosophy at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, and she believes that the ultimate public They will see the ethical benefits of genetically modified foods, so they will eventually accept these new foods. She said: "People will see the benefits in this respect, and obtaining stem cells from pigs can produce a large amount of pork without having to kill millions of pigs. This will be very attractive to consumers. Human. "She also cited the results of an experiment carried out in the desert area to demonstrate her view that using new methods to produce food will greatly save energy consumption. This experiment was conducted in a desert area called a "bioreactor", using solar energy to provide energy to produce meat. Finally, people found that the energy-saving benefits obtained by doing so would be amazing. Wheeler said: "Compared with traditional methods, this new method requires only 1% of the original land and 2% of water to get the same results. In addition, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by more than 90% compared to traditional methods."
Eating "real" meat in 2035 will be as unethical as the shark fin today, and the price will be very expensive. As Dr. Mark Post pointed out: "A person who eats meat but travels by bike is much more environmentally friendly than a person who is vegetarian but drives a Hummer."
For now, one thing we can be sure of is that meat in the future will be more expensive, and they will not appear in the form of pills in bottles. The reason is also very simple, that is, this kind of thing is almost impossible to achieve. Even the US Department of Defense Advanced Research and Development Agency, which has always been known for science fiction-level innovation, has given up trying to cram 2000 calorie food into a small one. Try in small pills. In addition to this, there is another important reason not to do this, and that is how we like to eat. Although the best thing in the food industry is to sell us things that we don't even need, the customer is God in the end.
So our desire for things now becomes a paradox. We want to maintain our noble character and do not want to kill other creatures to get food, but at the same time we miss the feeling of traditional food very much. We hope to get better quality service with less money. We hope that the food we eat is more natural and healthy, although these two are generally not equal. We hope to eat better than our previous generation, but we often envy the food that the previous generation ate. Nostalgic emotions, novelty psychology, suspicions, and the desire to be an elegant gentleman, all kinds of complex emotions are intertwined. People are full of doubts and mistrust of science in the hearts of the supermarket and the food industry.
In the next 25 years, almost none of the above mentioned will seem to change. But the food supply problems we face are indeed becoming more serious: the global climate change and the end of cheap fossil energy and waste supplies will all profoundly change the food supply industry. The world's three major food crops: rice, wheat and corn are the main producers of those most vulnerable to climate change, and the figures are cold, such as corn, when the temperature exceeds 30 degrees, corn will be difficult Normal growth.
Genetically modified foods benefit mankind?
All future food research experts agree with the view that the existing food supply methods will be unsustainable. Although organicists firmly believe that returning to the original state will solve the current food problems facing the world, no serious scientist believes that traditional agricultural production methods can cope with future human food shortages. Therefore, if in the future we want everyone to be full, then we will have to accept a new "unnatural" food. In fact, consumers have naturally accepted many "unnatural" products, such as yogurt fermented by bacteria, such as mayonnaise that has been defatted, including various chemicals that make food more delicious, and so on.
The writer Josh Schonwald has noticed that the United States is already ahead of countries in this regard. In his new book "Tomorrow's Food", he disclosed that various genetic fusion technologies are being tested in the laboratory of the University of California, Davis, to manufacture such as jellyfish-flavored grapes or carp-flavored potatoes, and then Or let's put lettuce on the shelf that won't break for weeks. The United States may already have genetically modified pigs, which grow five times faster than ordinary pigs. The United States also uses the Northern Light Plaice genetically modified potatoes to achieve the purpose of extending its shelf life; in Israel, there are similar projects on lemons, which have also received positive responses from consumers. However, these have been strongly protested by Greenpeace.
In Schwad's view, all the industry needs at present is that the government appropriately relax its control in related fields so that relevant research can obtain the necessary funding. But then he became more radical. He called those who totally refused genetically modified foods "unbridled, dangerous, and inhuman." He believes that it is necessary to ensure that children in the poorest areas can get the necessary nutrition.
However, from the historical experience, the development of high technology often does not benefit the poor. Chemical fertilizers and herbicides have caused farmers to become dependent and cause serious pollution. The latest developments in the medical field are basically for the rich: in fact, the research costs of the world ’s pharmaceutical giants in enhancing male sexual function far exceed the cost of their efforts to overcome malaria. And only the food we eat is the aspect that can benefit everyone.
Something must be added to our existing food culture. It seems that the price of food can no longer fall back to the level around 2000. In Western Europe, ordinary households spend about 10% to 15% of their total household income on food, and 60 years ago, this figure was about 60%. Tim Lang, a professor of food policy at the City University of London, said that cheap food is no longer possible, because at present we are not actually paying according to its actual value, he said: "We have always benefited from the nature to provide Value, as well as distant production areas, and cheap labor. "
Just considering the aspect of population growth is sufficient to explain the price increase; the UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that the world needs to increase food production by at least 40% by 2050, and now global climate change has begun to affect some of the world ’s major food producing regions . Tim told the British government that the era of food production based on high energy consumption is over, and it would be disastrous to continue production activities at the expense of biodiversity. When the future comes, everyone actually has no choice about what we eat.
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