The development of small towns is conducive to large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor and improvement of farmers' living standards. It is also conducive to expanding domestic demand, broadening urban and rural markets, forming new economic growth points, and promoting economic restructuring and transformation of development patterns. In order to understand the situation of small town construction and financial support and existing problems, the Changsha Central Sub-branch of the People's Bank of China conducted a sample survey of 52 small towns in Hunan, a typical survey of 14 provincial-level demonstration towns, a questionnaire survey of 382 small town residents, and interviews with relevant government departments and In the form of institutions, etc., a special survey was conducted on the development of Hunan's financial support for small towns.
I. Overview of the development of small towns in Hunan in recent years
In recent years, Hunan's small towns have developed rapidly. Especially after the Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Coordinated Development of Small Cities and Towns in 2006", the development of small towns entered a fast lane:
First, the level of urbanization is constantly improving. As of 2009, there were 985 towns in the province, with a built-up area of ​​1623.1 square kilometers, an increase of 134.3% over 2000. The number of households in the 985 small towns was 2.11 million, and the population of the township was 8.624 million (including temporary residents), an increase of 23.9% over 2000. A sample survey of 52 small towns found that the average urbanization rate in 2009 (excluding county and city population) was 29.5%, an increase of 6 percentage points over 2000.
The second is to promote economic structure optimization. According to the survey, in 2000, the three industrial structures of the sample town were 0.41:0.37:0.22, and by 2009, the optimization was 0.36:0.40:0.24. The GDP of the secondary industry has exceeded the primary industry, and the tertiary industry has also increased by 2 percentage point.
The third is to absorb a large amount of rural labor. According to the survey, 31.2% of small town residents are mainly engaged in agricultural production before moving into small towns. At present, 72% of the employment structure of small town residents is engaged in service industry, 25.6% of them are engaged in manufacturing, and only 2.4% are still working in agriculture. Small towns have absorbed a large surplus of rural labor.
Fourth, the quality of life of residents has improved significantly. According to the sample survey, in 2009, the per capita income of small town residents was 7,697 yuan, which was 1.39 times the average income of urban and rural residents within the jurisdiction. Residents survey showed that 77.7% of residents felt that their living standards were better than before, and 85.1% of residents thought that living in small towns had a sense of well-being.
At the same time, the survey also shows that there are some outstanding problems in the construction of small towns that need to be resolved:
First, the size of small towns is small. Statistics show that at the end of 2009, there were 726 towns with a population of less than 10,000 in the township, accounting for 73.7% of the total, and only 2 in the towns with a population of over 50,000 (excluding county), accounting for only 0.2%. . Small towns have a small population, which reduces the investment efficiency of public facilities to a certain extent. It is difficult to form a large-scale consumption population. It is difficult to give full play to the scale advantages of infrastructure and industrial development, and the radiation and pulling effects are not strong.
Second, planning, construction and management need to be strengthened. The investigation found that due to the imperfect laws and regulations of urban construction management, the town planning and construction management institutions below the county level are not in place, the law enforcement subjects are not clear, and the management work is difficult. Moreover, due to poor management and supervision, the construction of small towns is more random, and the management of illegal buildings, traffic and mobile vendors in some small towns has affected the image and promotion of small towns.
Third, the lack of investment and financing channels hindered the urbanization process. At present, the investment channels for urban construction are single, mainly relying on financial input, and the financial input from the upper level is limited. The financial revenue of this level mainly depends on land development and land for wealth. In recent years, due to the difficulty of land acquisition and the high cost, coupled with the standardized management of the government financing platform, the land financing space has narrowed. At the same time, the construction of small cities and towns has always lacked effective channels to make full use of market mechanisms to raise funds, and the lack of a benign operation mechanism of investment-operation-return has increasingly hindered the construction of small towns.
Second, financial support for the development of small towns
In recent years, financial institutions at all levels in Hunan Province have actively supported the construction of small towns, expanded credit input, and improved financial services. However, the problem of insufficient financial support is widespread.
(1) The overall situation of financial development of typical survey and demonstration towns
First, financial institutions have a wide coverage. According to the survey, as of 2009, there were 258 outlets of various financial institutions in 14 demonstration towns, with an average of 18.4 towns. Among them, there are 200 banking institutions and 52 insurance institutions. Second, deposits and loans have grown substantially. At the end of 2009, the deposit balance of 14 demonstration towns was 22.24 billion yuan, 4.5 times that of 2000, with an average annual growth rate of 18.2%; the loan balance was 9.79 billion yuan, 3.6 times that of 2000, with an average annual growth rate of 15.4%. The third is the effective improvement of the financial services infrastructure. As of the end of 2009, a total of 141 ATMs and 1,340 pos machines were deployed in 14 demonstration towns. In 2000, there were only 3 ATMs and 1 POS in 14 demonstration towns, and the financial services infrastructure was greatly improved.
(II) Characteristics of financial support for the construction of small towns
The first is to focus on providing credit support and financial services. On the one hand, carry out multi-faceted credit support. The first is to support the construction of public infrastructure, housing projects and industrial parks. In 2009, 14 demonstration town financial institutions issued a total of 930 million yuan in small town construction loans. The second is to support enterprises and individuals to invest in the industry. At the end of 2009, the balance of small town enterprises and individual productive business loans issued by financial institutions in demonstration towns was 5.43 billion yuan. The third is to issue personal consumption loans. The balance of personal consumption loans in the demonstration town reached 710 million yuan, which strongly supported the upgrading of the consumption structure of urban residents. On the other hand, provide safe and fast financial services. In recent years, the payment network system of rural financial institutions has gradually opened up the large and small payment systems of the People's Bank of China, UnionPay Fuxiang card, and migrant bank card service services, providing safe and efficient financial services for the majority of urban residents.
Second, infrastructure construction is based on government financing platforms. The survey found that the main way for financial institutions to participate in the construction of small towns is to indirectly support the construction of small towns by lending to local financing platforms. Among them, the amount of loans issued by policy banks is large. For example, the National Development Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank jointly loaned 114 million yuan to the three investment and financing platforms in Luancheng County, Ganzhou; Yongxing County mainly intervened through land mortgages, and raised 390 million yuan from the bank through financing platform units for urbanization. Part of it has been invested in public welfare projects such as county road construction, sewage treatment projects, garbage disposal sites, etc., of which 0.8 million yuan of credit funds are used for the construction of small towns in Tangmenkou Town, accounting for 20.7% of the total bank financing. In 2009, Jiahe County Construction Bank loaned 35 million yuan to the government financing platform for urban infrastructure construction.
(3) Financial support for the shortage of small town construction
First, credit support is weak. The survey found that financial institutions have insufficient support for the construction of small towns, and the funding gap for small town construction is large. At the end of 2009, the credit balance of 14 demonstration town financial institutions investing in small town construction only accounted for 9.5% of the total loan balance; the deposit-to-loan ratio of financial institutions was significantly lower, and the deposit-to-deposit ratio was only 44% at the end of 2009.
Second, the financial organization system is weak. At present, there are 58 banking financial institutions among the 14 demonstration towns in the province, with an average of 4 towns each, mainly rural credit cooperatives, postal savings banks, and agricultural banks. Other branches rarely set up branches in small towns. There are also five demonstration towns without insurance institutions and 12 towns without securities institutions. At the same time, the financial outlets of some established towns are shrinking. Compared with 2000, only one of the 14 demonstration towns has increased the number of financial institutions, and the number of outlets has not changed, and the number of five outlets has decreased. At present, there are still blank townships in financial services in Hunan.
Third, there is a lack of innovation in financial products. At present, financial services products in small towns are limited to deposits, loans, and general exchanges. Emerging intermediary businesses, on behalf of payment, and fund services have not yet been popularized in small towns. In terms of credit products, there are no more credit loans suitable for rural urbanization, except for small credit loans from rural credit cooperatives and small-scale agricultural loans from ABC. Due to the lack of financial services products, a large number of financial services demand outflows have further aggravated the situation of poor financing channels for small town construction.
Fourth, the construction of financial infrastructure needs to be improved. The coverage of ATMs and POS machines is uneven. Among the 14 demonstration towns, there are 63 ATMs and 785 POS machines, and the minimum is only 1 and 2 respectively. The large and small payment systems of the People's Bank of China have not fully covered financial institutions in the county and below.
(4) Reasons for the lack of financial support for the construction of small towns
First, there is a lack of qualified creditors. The construction of rural urbanization is mainly based on urban infrastructure and public utilities. The undertaking units are mainly the relevant competent departments of local governments. These departments generally do not have the qualifications for loan subject. Even if it is financed by a government financing platform, there is a greater risk due to the lack of sufficient financial guarantees. A survey of the sample towns found that the average income of each town in 52 towns was only 13.18 million yuan, while the expenditure was 17.276 million yuan, which obviously could not make ends meet.
Second, the financial institutions in small towns have insufficient lending authority. Due to the consideration of risk control and return on investment, various financial institutions have raised the threshold for loan authorization for county-level sub-branches, and the funds are allocated and the rights are collected. If some county associations receive the approval authority for loans of more than 10,000 yuan from grassroots credit cooperatives, because the economic entities have little demand for loans of less than 10,000 yuan, there is no “right†available to grassroots credit cooperatives, and there are many loan approval links. low efficiency.
The third is the lack of incentives for financial investment. Although the country has taken small town construction as a strategic measure to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, expand employment, realize rural labor transfer, and stimulate domestic demand, there is no preferential loan policy to support small town construction, and there is also a lack of development for commercial banks. The incentive mechanism of the urban credit market has led to the lack of initiative and enthusiasm of financial institutions to support the construction of small towns.
In addition, the township and town credit environment is relatively poor, especially in the past, many township governments have defaulted on more loans from local financial institutions, and also affected financial institutions to place new loans.
Third, increase financial support for small town construction efforts
The first is to improve the multi-level financial organization system. Vigorously improve the financial service system for the construction of small cities and towns. State-owned large banks and joint-stock banks should be decentralized to small towns. Agricultural banks and rural credit cooperatives should further strengthen the construction of rural outlets and actively introduce new rural areas such as village banks and microfinance companies. Financial institutions promote insurance and trusts to conduct business in rural areas, and form financial organizations that coexist in various forms such as policy finance, commercial finance, and private financial institutions.
The second is to improve the policy support system. The first is to improve the financial support policy. Increase the proportion of central and provincial finance in the construction of public facilities, expand the scope and proportion of financial retention in key central towns, and enhance the ability to pay in small towns. The second is to improve the industrial development policy. The introduction of policies to promote urban industrial agglomeration, relying on the natural endowments of various places, accelerate the pace of industrial and product structure adjustment of small towns, and support the development of characteristic industries. The third is to improve the land support policy. Priority is given to ensuring the construction of land for key small towns.
The third is to increase credit support. First, play the leading role of policy finance. Policy finance should first involve infrastructure construction projects with social, public welfare, long construction period, and high deposition costs. At the same time, it is necessary to broaden the support areas for small town construction and to non-business infrastructure such as public green space and environmental sanitation. Construction projects provide low-interest loans. Second, encourage commercial banks to increase credit investment in small town construction. Increase credit support for water supply and power supply projects in small towns, as well as support for modern agriculture, characteristic industries and new rural construction. Third, expand the credit authority of the grassroots outlets, reduce the approval process, and simplify the approval process.
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