The glue-binding process has the advantages of simplicity, high quality, stability, and high efficiency, and thus has been rapidly developed in the book printing industry in recent years. However, in the process of popularization, many manufacturers have appeared in varying degrees of quality problems in the use of hot melt adhesives, and have paid a heavy price for this. After continuous exploration and exchange of experience among peers, the current state of use is basically normal.
At present, for the glue-making production and processing process, how to solve the problems that often occur, and how to ensure the quality and stability, are the focus of peer research and the author's intensive research. This article will be "talking from the glue back book to talk about the gap" as a topic, on the plastic book production and processing of the common problems, talk about the author's vision, and colleagues to discuss, in order to facilitate the perfect binding process.
Main factors and countermeasures to cause cracks in glue books
1. Cover paper is too bad.
"A person has a face and a book has a skin." The cover of the book must use good quality paper, but the key lies in the choice of the booker.
2. The direction of the cover paper is not correct.
When choosing the cover paper, the printing factory must use the standard format paper with the direction of the paper silk and the vertical of the spine, especially those with special editions and cover plates in the form of links, and try to ensure that the heads, feet, or tails In order to ensure the consistency of the paper on each cover.
3. The internal document pages are not compacted before fitting; more copies of each book, more than one signature, and too many loose book blocks.
After the internal leaflet page is folded, it must be tied with a 10mm thick high-density board to compact the spine of the book, especially the folds folded by the folding press of the offset press. However, the length of the bale should be avoided; the size of the binder (the size of the clip board should be greater than the open size of 10mm) and the spine of the book, as shown in Fig. 1, should be the head (A side) and the spine (B). The rules of the surface) avoid stepping during transportation.
4 milling cutter wear, not sharp. The groove cutter and the groove of the groove are worn away, the gap is too large, the milling cracks, the back of the glue is loosened, and the thickness of the book back increases.
(1) The mechanic repairs ground milling cutters; before using the new milling cutters, use oilstone to plunge the cutter head.
R = 2mm round corners. To avoid the tip of the cutter head, the slot at the bottom of the slot is too small, so that the bottom of the slot is not filled with glue.
(2) Whether it is Martini or Warrenberg rubber binding linkage line, the slotted bottom plate, which is matched with the milling cutter, is mostly organic plate or nylon plastic plate. This type of base plate is poor in toughness and intolerance. High temperature, quick wear. Once in continuous production, the front edge will be worn out due to heat, and if the gap between the milling cutter head and the bottom plate of the milling groove is too large (should be less than 0.10mm), the milled groove becomes “ Tear groove".
1 The surface of the slot is fluffed and the adhesive is not strong. It must be always worn and often changed. The same applies to milling back knives.
2 At the bottom of the trough groove, the bottom of the trough is cracked, with a little confetti, and the cracking gap is filled with glue. The roots of the book pages are not firmly bonded.
3 tortoises are likely to cause the loose end of the book endorsement, and the thickness of the book after back gluing is increased, commonly known as "bigger." Processing method: replace the bottom plate of the milling groove with steel plate, weld a hardness alloy strip that is consistent with the angle of the milling groove knife (60°) at the edge of the steel plate, and form the upper and lower blades with the milling slotting knife. Such milling is thorough and durable. as shown in picture 2.
5. Side glue rubber protrusions increase the spine space.
Whether it is the glue-binding linkage line or the glue-bonded disc stand-alone machine, the brush side glue is completed through the extrusion of the outer side surfaces of the two copper wheels. The width of the glue on the upper side of the glue binding machine is the thickness of the copper wheels on both sides. Because the sides of the two copper wheels are too smooth; the spacing between the two copper wheels on the side of the glue is too small; the springs supporting the two copper wheels have too much pulling force, and often there is no upper side glue in the range of 3~4mm, and the width of the side rubber passes through. In addition, there is a plastic bar with irregular height and width. The solution is as follows:
(1) Using the principle of easy hanging of glue, the outer round of the two copper side rubber wheels is knurled (diamond flower), as shown in FIG. 3 . Parallel to the axial rolling groove, as shown in Figure 4.
(2) Adjust the clearance between the top scraper of the side rubber bracket and the top surface of the copper wheel (as shown in Fig. 5, H = 0), and use a scraper to clean the yellow adhesive layer heated by the top surface of the copper wheel. The rubber squeezed from the side of the copper wheel is prevented from accumulating on the top surface of the copper wheel. With the centrifugal action of the continuous rotation of the copper wheel, a high-low, wide and irregular glue bar L is left at the spine at 4mm. As shown in Figure 6.
6. Tri-faced knives pressure plate from the spine position adjustment is unreasonable.
Rubber-bonded line three-pronged knife with random matching 32 and 16 open, with dovetail, jacking plate with wood pressure plate. Some operators do not need to trim, and only replace the two specifications of the pressure plate that comes with the machine. This is not appropriate. Different jacks should be used according to the printed sheets (book thickness) of the book being drafted.
The height of the three-faced knife each time the book is cut is limited. The fewer printed sheets each time the book is cut, the more the number of books; the more printed sheets, the fewer the number of books. If each book carries one of the five factors mentioned above, then the greater the number of cuts per book, the greater the chance of having a spine breach; on the contrary, the less chance of a spine break. If you cut 8 books at a time, the height of each book cover is 1mm, and the height of the second glue bar is 2mm. The 8mm spine of the 8 volumes is 16mm higher than the back of the book. When the cuts are made, the pressure plate is dropped first and the pages are locked. The back of the book is vacant (as shown in Figure 7), so that the back of the book must be cracked when it is cut. Responses:
(1) According to the trial cut, gradually reduce the number of books for each cut.
(2) Take the random pressure plate as the base body. First, under the premise of handling the above five factors, according to the thickness of the book that is often cut, the thickness of the book is divided into 3 to 4 types of platens. The production of these types of pressboards is based on the size of the open (32 and 16 open) sizes, and each type produces 3 to 4 blocks of 5 to 10 mm thick wood, with a length less than the open size of 6 to 8 mm and a width less than the open size of 10 to 20 mm. According to the experience of the classification of 3 to 4 types of books, two layers of 3mm thick Liaoyang paperboard were glued on the self-made wooden board and fixed on the random tape base body with wooden screws. When bonding the two Liaoyang papers, the self-made wood boards at the spine should be respectively 3mm and 6mm (as shown in A in Fig. 8), and they must be plastically bent after being subjected to the force during cutting, and be formed differently with the height of the spine. The inclined surface, to compact the side glue mouth and book back height, and to avoid wrinkles on the back of the book when cutting. According to the thickness of the back of the cut book, replace the different inclined pressure plate, as shown in Figure 8.
7. Three-sided edge grinding failed.
If a worker wants to do good, he must first sharpen his tools. Trim edge grinding is very important, it is related to whether the glue-binding line can really play its maximum effectiveness. Responses:
(1) Select a high-precision grinding machine. Now many of the entire paper cutters and plastic trimming three-sided knives are mostly carbide knives, so the grinding of the blades is critical. In addition to the choice of high-precision grinding machine type, it is best to use a machine with two sharpening heads, one to install white steel jade grinding wheel grinding body, one to install green silicon carbide grinding wheel grinding carbide cutting head.
(2) After grinding, it must be ground with a grinder or fine whetstone, and then use sycamore wood board or foam plastic board to wipe off the residual grinding debris at the edge of the knife to prevent cutting edge damage.
8. Three-sided knife edge adhesive, cleaning is not timely.
When the three-faced knife is cut, the angle between the back of the blade body and the cutting surface of the book must be 5° to 10° (this angle is formed by the cutter body manufacturer during production and processing). Due to the continuous operation of the glue-binding linkage line, on the one hand, the distance of the conveyor belt is too short, and the hot glue on the back of the book is too late to completely solidify; on the other hand, the heat of the cutter body itself makes it easy to adhere to the back of the cutter body, so that the angle behind the cutter body is Zero, increased friction, easy to cause the book spine incision, book back breach and so on. The countermeasures are as follows:
(1) spray silicone oil;
(2) Install hot melt cleaners;
(3) Clean the blade manually.
9. The book block paper is thick and folds more, and the edges of the header are high and hollow.
If the book block is made of thick paper, the platelet will be opened in small increments to reduce the fold. When the folding machine folds, it will be cut at the fold.
Good pre-adjustment of glue order
In addition to solving the above 9 problems, it is also necessary to fully implement the pre-adaptation work of the glue order line and really exert the linkage effectiveness of the linkage line.
1. Binding pages should be transferred to the glue-binding process 24 hours in advance so as to adapt to the temperature and humidity of the workshop as soon as possible, so as to ensure that the glue temperature is constant and the finished book block will not be stretched. Especially in winter.
2. The glue temperature is controlled above 165°C in summer and around 180°C in winter, or according to the requirements of hot melt adhesive manufacturers. Especially in the autumn and winter alternate seasons, the glue temperature control and hot melt adhesive selection should be used.
3. The operators who are responsible for the front cover must first select the pages with the same rules and use them in order to ensure that the rules on the back of the book are consistent.
4. In order to avoid the coloring of a single page or a folded page of a textbook, a separate page should be affixed. The small air hole suction nozzle can be used to adjust the small suction volume. The linkage position of the linkage line and linkage page can greatly improve work efficiency.
5. The glue-binding linkage line has a large volume of production and high efficiency, and most book printing companies arrange two productions. In order to enhance the quality awareness and work responsibility of the operators of the two flights, some book printing manufacturers installed automatic computerized inkjet printers (about 100,000 yuan/set) on each linkage line, and each book was randomly created as a production team. No., so as to find the responsibility. For this reason, based on the observations and explorations in production, we developed a small instrument that automatically engraves the group number in the rubber book cover with the help of the glue-binding motivation, and it has achieved the desired results.
(1) nut sets screw, the number is very comfortable. Only limited to a single moment. As shown in FIG. 9 , the nozzle holder is moved upwards and downwards by means of the cover conveying, and continuous marking is performed.
(2) The small wheel rolls away from the perimeter and rotates the screw to change the number. Applicable to single and double current number. As shown in Figure 10, relying on the cover to feed paper, drive the wheel to rotate. Each time the shift group number only needs to rotate the screw E (not in the middle), while the seal is exposed to the roller 0.5mm, the other team's seal immediately drops to the outer diameter of the roller 3mm, and the pressure value of the spring is adjusted to carry out consecutive numbers.
Source: "Printing Technology"
At present, for the glue-making production and processing process, how to solve the problems that often occur, and how to ensure the quality and stability, are the focus of peer research and the author's intensive research. This article will be "talking from the glue back book to talk about the gap" as a topic, on the plastic book production and processing of the common problems, talk about the author's vision, and colleagues to discuss, in order to facilitate the perfect binding process.
Main factors and countermeasures to cause cracks in glue books
1. Cover paper is too bad.
"A person has a face and a book has a skin." The cover of the book must use good quality paper, but the key lies in the choice of the booker.
2. The direction of the cover paper is not correct.
When choosing the cover paper, the printing factory must use the standard format paper with the direction of the paper silk and the vertical of the spine, especially those with special editions and cover plates in the form of links, and try to ensure that the heads, feet, or tails In order to ensure the consistency of the paper on each cover.
3. The internal document pages are not compacted before fitting; more copies of each book, more than one signature, and too many loose book blocks.
After the internal leaflet page is folded, it must be tied with a 10mm thick high-density board to compact the spine of the book, especially the folds folded by the folding press of the offset press. However, the length of the bale should be avoided; the size of the binder (the size of the clip board should be greater than the open size of 10mm) and the spine of the book, as shown in Fig. 1, should be the head (A side) and the spine (B). The rules of the surface) avoid stepping during transportation.
4 milling cutter wear, not sharp. The groove cutter and the groove of the groove are worn away, the gap is too large, the milling cracks, the back of the glue is loosened, and the thickness of the book back increases.
(1) The mechanic repairs ground milling cutters; before using the new milling cutters, use oilstone to plunge the cutter head.
R = 2mm round corners. To avoid the tip of the cutter head, the slot at the bottom of the slot is too small, so that the bottom of the slot is not filled with glue.
(2) Whether it is Martini or Warrenberg rubber binding linkage line, the slotted bottom plate, which is matched with the milling cutter, is mostly organic plate or nylon plastic plate. This type of base plate is poor in toughness and intolerance. High temperature, quick wear. Once in continuous production, the front edge will be worn out due to heat, and if the gap between the milling cutter head and the bottom plate of the milling groove is too large (should be less than 0.10mm), the milled groove becomes “ Tear groove".
1 The surface of the slot is fluffed and the adhesive is not strong. It must be always worn and often changed. The same applies to milling back knives.
2 At the bottom of the trough groove, the bottom of the trough is cracked, with a little confetti, and the cracking gap is filled with glue. The roots of the book pages are not firmly bonded.
3 tortoises are likely to cause the loose end of the book endorsement, and the thickness of the book after back gluing is increased, commonly known as "bigger." Processing method: replace the bottom plate of the milling groove with steel plate, weld a hardness alloy strip that is consistent with the angle of the milling groove knife (60°) at the edge of the steel plate, and form the upper and lower blades with the milling slotting knife. Such milling is thorough and durable. as shown in picture 2.
5. Side glue rubber protrusions increase the spine space.
Whether it is the glue-binding linkage line or the glue-bonded disc stand-alone machine, the brush side glue is completed through the extrusion of the outer side surfaces of the two copper wheels. The width of the glue on the upper side of the glue binding machine is the thickness of the copper wheels on both sides. Because the sides of the two copper wheels are too smooth; the spacing between the two copper wheels on the side of the glue is too small; the springs supporting the two copper wheels have too much pulling force, and often there is no upper side glue in the range of 3~4mm, and the width of the side rubber passes through. In addition, there is a plastic bar with irregular height and width. The solution is as follows:
(1) Using the principle of easy hanging of glue, the outer round of the two copper side rubber wheels is knurled (diamond flower), as shown in FIG. 3 . Parallel to the axial rolling groove, as shown in Figure 4.
(2) Adjust the clearance between the top scraper of the side rubber bracket and the top surface of the copper wheel (as shown in Fig. 5, H = 0), and use a scraper to clean the yellow adhesive layer heated by the top surface of the copper wheel. The rubber squeezed from the side of the copper wheel is prevented from accumulating on the top surface of the copper wheel. With the centrifugal action of the continuous rotation of the copper wheel, a high-low, wide and irregular glue bar L is left at the spine at 4mm. As shown in Figure 6.
6. Tri-faced knives pressure plate from the spine position adjustment is unreasonable.
Rubber-bonded line three-pronged knife with random matching 32 and 16 open, with dovetail, jacking plate with wood pressure plate. Some operators do not need to trim, and only replace the two specifications of the pressure plate that comes with the machine. This is not appropriate. Different jacks should be used according to the printed sheets (book thickness) of the book being drafted.
The height of the three-faced knife each time the book is cut is limited. The fewer printed sheets each time the book is cut, the more the number of books; the more printed sheets, the fewer the number of books. If each book carries one of the five factors mentioned above, then the greater the number of cuts per book, the greater the chance of having a spine breach; on the contrary, the less chance of a spine break. If you cut 8 books at a time, the height of each book cover is 1mm, and the height of the second glue bar is 2mm. The 8mm spine of the 8 volumes is 16mm higher than the back of the book. When the cuts are made, the pressure plate is dropped first and the pages are locked. The back of the book is vacant (as shown in Figure 7), so that the back of the book must be cracked when it is cut. Responses:
(1) According to the trial cut, gradually reduce the number of books for each cut.
(2) Take the random pressure plate as the base body. First, under the premise of handling the above five factors, according to the thickness of the book that is often cut, the thickness of the book is divided into 3 to 4 types of platens. The production of these types of pressboards is based on the size of the open (32 and 16 open) sizes, and each type produces 3 to 4 blocks of 5 to 10 mm thick wood, with a length less than the open size of 6 to 8 mm and a width less than the open size of 10 to 20 mm. According to the experience of the classification of 3 to 4 types of books, two layers of 3mm thick Liaoyang paperboard were glued on the self-made wooden board and fixed on the random tape base body with wooden screws. When bonding the two Liaoyang papers, the self-made wood boards at the spine should be respectively 3mm and 6mm (as shown in A in Fig. 8), and they must be plastically bent after being subjected to the force during cutting, and be formed differently with the height of the spine. The inclined surface, to compact the side glue mouth and book back height, and to avoid wrinkles on the back of the book when cutting. According to the thickness of the back of the cut book, replace the different inclined pressure plate, as shown in Figure 8.
7. Three-sided edge grinding failed.
If a worker wants to do good, he must first sharpen his tools. Trim edge grinding is very important, it is related to whether the glue-binding line can really play its maximum effectiveness. Responses:
(1) Select a high-precision grinding machine. Now many of the entire paper cutters and plastic trimming three-sided knives are mostly carbide knives, so the grinding of the blades is critical. In addition to the choice of high-precision grinding machine type, it is best to use a machine with two sharpening heads, one to install white steel jade grinding wheel grinding body, one to install green silicon carbide grinding wheel grinding carbide cutting head.
(2) After grinding, it must be ground with a grinder or fine whetstone, and then use sycamore wood board or foam plastic board to wipe off the residual grinding debris at the edge of the knife to prevent cutting edge damage.
8. Three-sided knife edge adhesive, cleaning is not timely.
When the three-faced knife is cut, the angle between the back of the blade body and the cutting surface of the book must be 5° to 10° (this angle is formed by the cutter body manufacturer during production and processing). Due to the continuous operation of the glue-binding linkage line, on the one hand, the distance of the conveyor belt is too short, and the hot glue on the back of the book is too late to completely solidify; on the other hand, the heat of the cutter body itself makes it easy to adhere to the back of the cutter body, so that the angle behind the cutter body is Zero, increased friction, easy to cause the book spine incision, book back breach and so on. The countermeasures are as follows:
(1) spray silicone oil;
(2) Install hot melt cleaners;
(3) Clean the blade manually.
9. The book block paper is thick and folds more, and the edges of the header are high and hollow.
If the book block is made of thick paper, the platelet will be opened in small increments to reduce the fold. When the folding machine folds, it will be cut at the fold.
Good pre-adjustment of glue order
In addition to solving the above 9 problems, it is also necessary to fully implement the pre-adaptation work of the glue order line and really exert the linkage effectiveness of the linkage line.
1. Binding pages should be transferred to the glue-binding process 24 hours in advance so as to adapt to the temperature and humidity of the workshop as soon as possible, so as to ensure that the glue temperature is constant and the finished book block will not be stretched. Especially in winter.
2. The glue temperature is controlled above 165°C in summer and around 180°C in winter, or according to the requirements of hot melt adhesive manufacturers. Especially in the autumn and winter alternate seasons, the glue temperature control and hot melt adhesive selection should be used.
3. The operators who are responsible for the front cover must first select the pages with the same rules and use them in order to ensure that the rules on the back of the book are consistent.
4. In order to avoid the coloring of a single page or a folded page of a textbook, a separate page should be affixed. The small air hole suction nozzle can be used to adjust the small suction volume. The linkage position of the linkage line and linkage page can greatly improve work efficiency.
5. The glue-binding linkage line has a large volume of production and high efficiency, and most book printing companies arrange two productions. In order to enhance the quality awareness and work responsibility of the operators of the two flights, some book printing manufacturers installed automatic computerized inkjet printers (about 100,000 yuan/set) on each linkage line, and each book was randomly created as a production team. No., so as to find the responsibility. For this reason, based on the observations and explorations in production, we developed a small instrument that automatically engraves the group number in the rubber book cover with the help of the glue-binding motivation, and it has achieved the desired results.
(1) nut sets screw, the number is very comfortable. Only limited to a single moment. As shown in FIG. 9 , the nozzle holder is moved upwards and downwards by means of the cover conveying, and continuous marking is performed.
(2) The small wheel rolls away from the perimeter and rotates the screw to change the number. Applicable to single and double current number. As shown in Figure 10, relying on the cover to feed paper, drive the wheel to rotate. Each time the shift group number only needs to rotate the screw E (not in the middle), while the seal is exposed to the roller 0.5mm, the other team's seal immediately drops to the outer diameter of the roller 3mm, and the pressure value of the spring is adjusted to carry out consecutive numbers.
Source: "Printing Technology"
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