With the growth of dairy farming, especially the rapid development of pasture-based systems, milking mechanization has become a preferred choice for large-scale dairy farmers. It not only increases efficiency but also ensures better hygiene and animal welfare. The vacuum milking machine is designed to replicate the natural milking action of yaks. Its main power source is vacuum pressure. The key component used during milking is the milking cluster, which consists of several cups that fit around the cow’s teats. The space between the inner cup and the teat forms a chamber, known as the wall chamber. A short pulsation tube connects to a pulsator, which controls the movement of this chamber, allowing it to expand and contract in a rhythmic manner. During the milking phase, the vacuum system creates a negative pressure in the wall chamber. This equalizes the pressure inside the teat cup, causing the inner sleeve to open, which then draws the teat into the cup and allows milk to flow out. In the rest phase, the pulsator changes the pressure in the wall chamber, creating a difference between the inside of the teat cup and the chamber itself. This causes the inner sleeve to close, stopping the milk flow and allowing the cow to rest before the next cycle begins. The fishbone milking machine is specifically designed for a double-line setup, where cows are positioned in a fishbone pattern. All milking equipment, including the milking clusters, is mounted on both sides of the working tunnel. This system is ideal for large and medium-sized dairy farms and milking stations. Depending on the type of pulsator used, it can be either pneumatic or electric. If the equipment is installed above the center of the tunnel, it's referred to as a mid-mounted milking system. Using a fishbone milking machine that aligns with the physiological needs of the cow ensures a clean and comfortable milking environment. It also allows milk to be transported through a closed piping system directly into a refrigerated storage tank, reducing the risk of contamination. Mechanical milking has significantly improved the working conditions for dairy workers by reducing physical strain and increasing productivity. However, proper training and correct usage of the milking technology are essential to maintain consistent milk quality and hygiene standards.

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