Among the four printing methods of flat concave and soft hole, only one method is obviously different from the other three printing methods on the principle of ink transfer. This is lithography, which is what we usually call offset printing.
The most basic printing principle in offset printing is to use the two rules of incompatibility of oil and water, and selective adsorption of the printing plate to keep the ink and water balanced on the printing plate to achieve the transfer of the dots, and to achieve clear images and full colors Effect. This is where the term ink balance is derived.
Third, the principle of ensuring ink-water balance
To maintain the balance of water and ink, we should first manage the water. A deep understanding of the nature and function of water is the foundation for good water management. Water is widely distributed in nature, he is a colorless and odorless transparent liquid. Water is a dipolar substance and can be dissolved with many other substances. But there are also substances that are incompatible with it. For example, it is incompatible with oils, and it is also incompatible with substances that are compatible. It can be seen from the order of the hydrophilic properties of metals.
The following arrangement is the order of the hydrophilic properties from strong to weak: potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel, tin, lead, etc. The plate machine we use is the one with better hydrophilic properties Made of aluminum metal.
Offset printing inks generally use inks with good water resistance, bright colors, transparency, saturation, and purity. Oil is a non-polar substance and is immiscible with water under normal conditions. Nothing in the world is a pure single-element substance, so is the water repellency of ink. From the molecular structure of oil, all kinds of fats in oil molecules are mainly composed of two parts: one part is a very long hydrocarbon chain, which has water-repellency and lipophilicity, and is called a water-repellent group; Oil hydrophilicity, called hydrophilic group. These two groups are interconnected and contradict each other. Groups with completely opposite properties exist in a molecule. The former is a hydrophobic and lipophilic water-repellent group, which is non-polar, and the latter is an oil-repellent hydrophilic group, which is polar. .
In other words, oil has duality, both non-polar and polar components, there is both oil-water immiscibility, and the possibility of oil-water miscibility. However, since the polar carboxyl groups of the hydrophilic oil repellent are very few in the entire oil molecule, they are only subordinated in the oil molecule, while the non-polar water-repellent lipophilic groups account for the absolute majority in the entire oil molecule. Because of its dominant position, oil is immiscible in oil and water at normal temperature and pressure. Through the above analysis and discussion, we can see that it is impossible for the offset printing process to make the ink not emulsified at all. The key is to master properly and achieve ink-and-ink balance.
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