In addition to the ease with which PET can be recycled, it is difficult to recover other plastics, and there is not a good market for other recycled materials after recycling. The German Ministry of Environmental Protection first required the chemical plant to undertake the task of plastic recycling. However, the plastic factory was uncomfortable considering the trouble and considering economic benefits. It only hoped that the waste plastic would be burned and landfilled, and the factory would still only produce and sell new plastic packaging products. Therefore, although the recovery organization was established, it only went bankrupt in only three years. However, the Ministry of Environmental Protection still insisted on the recovery and made the decision not to collect the tax, and the chemical company had to entrust DSD with the responsibility for recycling the waste plastic packaging. The processing costs were borne by the chemical plastics factory. To this end, DSD has set up a DKR joint-stock company responsible for the recycling of waste plastic packaging.
At present, there are two methods for recycling waste plastics:
(1) Raw material method, also known as chemical method: The mixed plastic is crushed - separated impurities - washing - granulation - injected into the blast furnace, instead of heavy oil, pulverized iron for reducing agent CO, H2.
(2) Material method, also known as physical method: The plastic film, bottle, and turnover box are broken up--separation of various types of plastics using up and down method, vortex method, and centrifugation method--drying, plus some new materials- - Squeeze into pellets - Produce recycled plastic products such as film bags, turnover boxes, pipes, garbage bags, sandals, hangers, etc.
With the improvement of separation and regeneration technology, waste PET can now be used to regenerate food containers, but the separation must be pure. Germany and France have produced infra-red separation equipment that uses infrared light to separate and obtain highly purified particles.
Recyclable products in packaging waste are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Recycling products of various types of packaging waste
Packaging waste Recycling products Waste glass, high-quality insulation materials used in construction or prefabricated components, such as kitchen roll paper, writing paper, envelopes, paper bags, newsprint paper, and other aluminum recycled raw material pellets, making bicycle wheels Edge, aluminum plate packaging, etc. tinplate automated industrial steel, canned, box composite paper scrap, tear-resistant paper, corrugated cardboard, core board, toilet or textile tissue paper, paper backpack, etc. beverage cardboard box aluminum scrap: for aluminum Clay production plant for raw materials plastic barrels, windows, car frame support, turnover box, cable, traffic island, etc.
Rubbish Economy In the 1990s, the negative effect of relying on resources to develop the economy was already very serious. This not only caused global shortage of resources, but also caused serious environmental pollution. Due to the rapid increase in landslides and the increasing landfill area, local governments in many countries are deeply troubled. Disposal burial also increased the transportation and transportation costs, and the cost of landfill waste increased by more than 10 times. According to statistics from the German Packaging Research Institute, one out of ten trucks in Europe is garbage. In the mid-1990s, the cost of collecting and burying garbage in Germany has reached 12 billion. The average annual waste is 120 kg. 120 marks. This serious problem has driven people to rethink the way waste is disposed of and rethink the model for economic development. The new consensus is that the economy must move toward sustainable development. Resources must be used sparingly, waste must be recycled, and waste can no longer be reused. Go to landfill and must recycle. This created a circular economy, also known as the garbage economy, and also produced a waste industry such as DSD. In 2001, the total turnover of the German waste industry (including packaging, construction, industry, agricultural compost, etc.) reached 76 billion marks. At the same time, Germany promulgated the Circular Economy Recycling Act in 1996 after promulgating regulations for the disposal of packaging waste. The new circular economy law requires that all resources must do their best to reduce the amount; at the same time, it is required that not only waste packaging be recycled, but also all waste products must be recycled. The products that need to be recycled in the circular economy include: packaging waste, waste vehicles, used electronic devices and electronic equipment, used batteries, biological waste, construction or demolished ruins, waste carpets and textiles, and waste wood. In the future, Germany will also formulate recycling laws on a product-by-product basis. In recent days, the European Union has also stepped up efforts to recycle packaging waste, requiring that the recycling rate of various packaging materials be increased from at least 15% in the past to at least 25% in 2002.
It can be expected that the rubbish economy caused by the recycling of waste will form a large-scale industry in the future and it will have an attractive development prospect. They will also make a useful contribution to the rational use of resources, the protection of the ecological environment, the development of a recycling economy, and the promotion of sustainable economic development.
Thoughts and Suggestions 1. It is necessary to deepen the understanding of waste resource. The biggest feeling of this trip to Germany and Europe was that when driving on a German highway, we saw large artificial forests on the two sides of the Great Plains and Hills, large grasslands, large fields of ploughed land, and blue sky and white clouds. The green land is seen below, and barely the bald mountains and land that are not covered by green are seen. These countries are considerably smaller than ours, but they are so valuable to the environment and land resources. Although per capita resources are very abundant, they also attach great importance to the recycling of waste, and have a very deep sense of environmental and resource crisis.
Lenovo and our country are proud of the rapid progress in economic construction in recent years. We are also deeply impressed by the fact that we still have many ugly phenomena in terms of land use, industrial construction, and even diets that do not cherish resources and waste resources. Recycling has not yet been mentioned on the agenda, and it has not attracted the attention of government authorities and the public. China’s population is so numerous. Given the need for future generations to make sustainable economic development, our generation must have a stronger sense of resource crisis and environmental crisis than Europeans. It is reflected in our actions to implement stricter population planning. Policy, no matter what the situation does not open the policy mouth; to more seriously protect the land forest rivers and rivers, the factory can not be more than scattered, we must take the intensive road. At the same time, it is necessary to deepen the awareness of waste resource recycling and recycle resources. This is a major event that may and must be addressed at present. The first is that government authorities should raise awareness and refer this to the current agenda. This is the most important thing.
2. Waste resources. According to the experience of Germany and Europe, national legislation must be enforced. Packaging waste is the most valuable value of solid waste, and it is also the waste that most urgently needs to be treated to protect the urban environment. Therefore, it is possible to start with the "Packaging Waste Management Law" and formulate a series of laws for the recycling of waste. It is recommended that countries It is imperative for the soil management department to formulate regulations or regulations for packaging waste as soon as possible.
3. After regulations or laws are formulated, under the guidance of the state, establish waste recycling and recycling organizations, or private companies, or joint-stock companies supported by state participation in accordance with market rules, and gradually establish China's waste industry (recycling economy industry). In order to fully absorb the successful experience of Germany and Europe, and in line with international standards, it is suggested that under the premise of fully considering the national conditions, China can also consider adopting the Green Point as a symbol to build a recycling and utilization system for packaging waste in China. (Finish)
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